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IMM · Domain snapshot

Immigration & Population

This domain tracks Canada's permanent and temporary migration flows — admissions, permits, asylum claims — against the demographic record, and derives cautious, source-cited pressure signals for labour, housing, and the economy. Statistics Canada first, IRCC second; every derived number shows its formula.

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Source update · October 26, 2026

August 2026 source totals are approximately 40,125 permanent-resident admissions, 59,615 study permits becoming effective, 48,755 IMP work permits becoming effective, 9,150 TFWP work permits becoming effective, 4,560 asylum claims submitted. These are monthly admissions, effective-permit dates and claims, not counts of people currently living in Canada or current permit-holder stocks.

IRCC rounds counts to the nearest five and suppresses small cells. Our existing sums remain approximate: component sums need not equal issuer totals, and the PR, study and asylum resource names are labelled not for calculations. The work-permit catalogue retains rounding and suppression caveats. Earlier history was also revised: IMP January 2015 changes from 14,070 to 12,660. The captured sources do not establish the cause, so no methodological explanation or demographic cause is inferred. Catalogue modification dates (October 20–22) are not asserted as issuer release dates. The dated revision record retains the prior observations.

IRCC open-data catalogue

Record build used for this page: report period 2026-08, built 2026-10-26 (v0.21.0). The build date identifies this assembled record. It is not the reference period, official release date or capture date of every figure below. Each series and maintained reading keeps its own dates; rebuilding a page does not refresh its sources.

Current snapshot

Population growth, % y/y
+0.46%
−0.6 pp vs 4 quarters earlier
10-year average: +1.51%
Reference period: 2026 Q3
Statistics Canada — Population estimates, quarterly

Countability last verified this source’s licence on 2026-07-10.

PR admissions, trailing 12 months
378,605
−9.1% vs 12 months earlier (was 416,665)
10-year average: 361,638
Reference period: Aug 2026
IRCC (Open Government) — Permanent Residents – Monthly IRCC Updates (rounded to nearest 5)

Countability last verified this source’s licence on 2026-07-10.

Read this figure carefully

IRCC monthly counts are rounded to the nearest 5 and labelled 'not for calculations'; totals are approximate and cross-checked against StatsCan demographic estimates.

Non-permanent residents, share of population
6.7%
−0.4 pp vs 4 quarters earlier
5-year average: 5.7%
Reference period: 2026 Q3
Statistics Canada — Non-permanent residents by type, quarterly · Statistics Canada — Population estimates, quarterly

Countability last verified this source’s licence on 2026-07-10.

Natural increase (births − deaths), quarterly
12,959
−8.2% vs 4 quarters earlier (was 14,111)
10-year average: 14,619
Reference period: 2026 Q2
Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of natural increase, quarterly

Countability last verified this source’s licence on 2026-07-10.

Read this figure carefully

births minus deaths, same quarter, same table; a component of population growth alongside net international migration

Median age, July 1
40.9
+0.7% vs 1 year earlier (was 40.6)
10-year average: 40.7
Reference period: 2026
Statistics Canada — Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, annual

Countability last verified this source’s licence on 2026-07-10.

Persons 65+ per 100 aged 15–64
30.8%
+1.1 pp vs 1 year earlier
10-year average: 27.9%
Reference period: 2026
Statistics Canada — Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, annual

Countability last verified this source’s licence on 2026-07-10.

Read this figure carefully

persons 65 and older per 100 persons aged 15-64, July 1 estimates

Alberta net interprovincial inflow, quarterly
5,893
+6.7% vs 4 quarters earlier (was 5,522)
10-year average: 2,720
Reference period: 2026 Q2
Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of interprovincial migration, quarterly

Countability last verified this source’s licence on 2026-07-10.

Read this figure carefully

net of in- and out-migrants between provinces; interprovincial migration nets to zero nationally

population: 2026 Q3 ircc pr: Aug 2026 natural increase: 2026 Q2 age structure: 2026

Time-series evidence

Permanent admissions per year, 1946 → present

483,65464,12719462025

1946 → 2025 · Statistics Canada — Components of international migration, quarterly

View the data table for Permanent admissions per year, 1946 → present (80 points)
PeriodValue
194671,719
194764,127
1948125,414
194995,217
195073,912
1951194,391
1952164,498
1953168,868
1954154,227
1955109,946
1956164,857
1957282,164
1958124,851
1959106,928
1960104,111
196171,689
196274,586
196393,151
1964112,606
1965146,758
1966194,743
1967222,876
1968183,974
1969161,531
1970147,713
1971121,900
1972122,006
1973184,200
1974218,465
1975187,881
1976149,429
1977114,914
197886,313
1979112,096
1980143,498
1981128,794
1982121,331
198389,377
198488,599
198584,339
198699,343
1987152,031
1988161,534
1989191,516
1990216,424
1991232,776
1992254,856
1993256,754
1994224,395
1995212,875
1996226,061
1997216,034
1998174,184
1999189,971
2000227,429
2001250,638
2002229,049
2003221,349
2004235,859
2005262,246
2006251,649
2007236,763
2008247,262
2009252,218
2010280,739
2011248,735
2012257,825
2013259,046
2014260,308
2015271,867
2016296,385
2017286,537
2018321,054
2019341,174
2020184,594
2021406,046
2022437,612
2023471,817
2024483,654
2025393,781

Non-permanent residents: gross inflows vs outflows per quarter

InflowsOutflows
430,47072,1472021 Q32026 Q2

2021 Q3 → 2026 Q2 · Statistics Canada — Components of international migration, quarterly

View the data table for Non-permanent residents: gross inflows vs outflows per quarter (20 periods × 2 series)
PeriodInflowsOutflows
2021 Q3223,638140,765
2021 Q4130,007166,855
2022 Q1128,287103,293
2022 Q2221,76672,147
2022 Q3321,525108,293
2022 Q4248,201114,854
2023 Q1208,918127,146
2023 Q2300,10578,217
2023 Q3430,470122,258
2023 Q4293,380148,563
2024 Q1273,335137,732
2024 Q2248,700134,126
2024 Q3268,076183,874
2024 Q4148,309179,998
2025 Q1115,759142,633
2025 Q2138,366129,700
2025 Q3163,373154,812
2025 Q476,983156,781
2026 Q181,048145,550
2026 Q2120,038138,913

Births vs deaths per quarter — the other engine of population change

BirthsDeaths
107,07946,0121990 Q12026 Q2

1990 Q1 → 2026 Q2 · Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of natural increase, quarterly

View the data table for Births vs deaths per quarter — the other engine of population change (146 periods × 2 series)
PeriodBirthsDeaths
1990 Q198,53050,625
1990 Q2107,07946,662
1990 Q3104,62446,012
1990 Q495,25348,674
1991 Q197,19149,928
1991 Q2105,86147,825
1991 Q3103,80946,329
1991 Q495,67251,487
1992 Q198,48051,436
1992 Q2105,14647,715
1992 Q3101,83246,890
1992 Q493,18550,494
1993 Q194,80154,204
1993 Q2102,36350,220
1993 Q399,85548,135
1993 Q491,37552,353
1994 Q193,55355,849
1994 Q2101,37650,127
1994 Q399,23548,607
1994 Q490,95052,494
1995 Q192,45256,323
1995 Q299,36151,965
1995 Q398,61549,219
1995 Q487,58853,226
1996 Q190,01355,962
1996 Q296,23751,359
1996 Q394,64049,897
1996 Q485,31055,662
1997 Q184,96859,109
1997 Q292,39552,553
1997 Q389,50049,686
1997 Q481,73554,321
1998 Q183,42461,737
1998 Q290,46451,944
1998 Q388,88149,947
1998 Q479,64954,463
1999 Q181,89061,232
1999 Q287,87551,990
1999 Q387,77250,205
1999 Q479,71256,103
2000 Q182,62759,012
2000 Q286,80151,909
2000 Q383,17351,192
2000 Q475,28155,949
2001 Q181,53158,076
2001 Q287,50254,103
2001 Q386,37052,237
2001 Q479,21255,534
2002 Q179,56858,866
2002 Q283,98154,210
2002 Q386,89453,558
2002 Q479,45157,369
2003 Q179,53858,436
2003 Q285,75754,891
2003 Q389,15553,505
2003 Q481,90259,753
2004 Q182,00161,106
2004 Q286,29354,892
2004 Q388,50052,837
2004 Q482,21857,996
2005 Q181,96463,195
2005 Q289,15156,183
2005 Q391,21553,569
2005 Q483,03557,614
2006 Q184,30058,936
2006 Q290,61255,796
2006 Q395,19254,329
2006 Q487,81759,472
2007 Q186,94863,508
2007 Q293,97856,884
2007 Q398,10555,089
2007 Q491,33859,941
2008 Q191,10662,898
2008 Q296,44358,768
2008 Q3101,56255,686
2008 Q492,74961,383
2009 Q191,47762,679
2009 Q297,46958,148
2009 Q3102,28655,959
2009 Q493,41961,870
2010 Q190,81661,206
2010 Q295,63858,295
2010 Q399,34657,782
2010 Q493,39162,970
2011 Q189,91365,348
2011 Q296,01559,567
2011 Q3101,06957,272
2011 Q492,24761,518
2012 Q191,42364,103
2012 Q295,59659,776
2012 Q3101,53158,418
2012 Q494,55164,598
2013 Q191,02368,169
2013 Q295,50460,680
2013 Q3101,04559,027
2013 Q493,48264,547
2014 Q191,52666,905
2014 Q296,82462,643
2014 Q3102,61460,902
2014 Q493,61368,449
2015 Q190,78973,200
2015 Q296,82363,762
2015 Q3101,90661,009
2015 Q493,46166,554
2016 Q192,15269,974
2016 Q296,78164,741
2016 Q3102,75562,973
2016 Q492,33569,876
2017 Q190,12175,303
2017 Q295,34366,365
2017 Q3100,34464,953
2017 Q492,27871,936
2018 Q189,42178,450
2018 Q295,12068,600
2018 Q399,39966,304
2018 Q491,08872,600
2019 Q188,44474,728
2019 Q294,37669,516
2019 Q399,97767,055
2019 Q490,63274,285
2020 Q188,75776,920
2020 Q291,95578,935
2020 Q395,04170,848
2020 Q485,46181,988
2021 Q187,01980,046
2021 Q295,04274,415
2021 Q399,93475,232
2021 Q490,88483,172
2022 Q184,25288,511
2022 Q289,69578,707
2022 Q394,47380,335
2022 Q486,92690,681
2023 Q182,90584,188
2023 Q288,39077,857
2023 Q392,92277,145
2023 Q489,04888,356
2024 Q188,09786,428
2024 Q291,94778,256
2024 Q396,20878,163
2024 Q490,24283,932
2025 Q188,81489,581
2025 Q293,73979,628
2025 Q399,19679,505
2025 Q491,39186,444
2026 Q189,74089,693
2026 Q294,38181,422

Net interprovincial migration, four largest provinces

OntarioQuebecAlbertaBritish Columbia
16,729-15,0682000 Q12026 Q2

2000 Q1 → 2026 Q2 · Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of interprovincial migration, quarterly

View the data table for Net interprovincial migration, four largest provinces (106 periods × 4 series)
PeriodOntarioQuebecAlbertaBritish Columbia
2000 Q16,371-3,0546,752-4,599
2000 Q28,279-4,0267,111-5,266
2000 Q36,066-3,2784,832-2,095
2000 Q42,576-8755,702-2,823
2001 Q14,047-1,6184,493-1,537
2001 Q25,934-3,6715,430-1,831
2001 Q31,644-1,6328,361-1,873
2001 Q4-125-1685,349-1,787
2002 Q13,130-1,0455,378-2,272
2002 Q2705-1,5057,147-2,624
2002 Q31,237-1,2415,288153
2002 Q4-1,0346961,783298
2003 Q1485-3483,159-1,460
2003 Q2-51-9361,673-28
2003 Q3-3,3249783,0192,830
2003 Q4-2,012851,6781,683
2004 Q1-905-2973,192310
2004 Q2-694-1,5882,7173,042
2004 Q3-4,002-4608,7792,378
2004 Q4-3,628-6276,1892,055
2005 Q1-1,748-8288,2901,055
2005 Q2-1,794-3,04811,1652,726
2005 Q3-4,723-1,40710,1433,172
2005 Q4-5,248-1,87313,820259
2006 Q1-4,056-2,13112,3201,883
2006 Q2-3,474-4,0009,5123,486
2006 Q3-8,454-3,26816,7293,919
2006 Q4-5,957-2,4297,6783,511
2007 Q1-2,185-2,5034,7253,238
2007 Q2-3,451-4,6654,6774,337
2007 Q3-4,202-3,5162,2056,127
2007 Q4-3,588-1,9912,0353,074
2008 Q1-3,458-1,7763,8622,627
2008 Q2-3,502-4,3997,2152,815
2008 Q3-2,928-2,0862,6573,212
2008 Q4-5,253-1,4464,1112,195
2009 Q1-4,157-1,4394,6851,471
2009 Q2-3,263-2,4481,7313,117
2009 Q3-1,288-375-2,0203,036
2009 Q4-52515-2,2022,048
2010 Q1-1,396-1,2051481,613
2010 Q2-1,453-1,6938032,031
2010 Q3890-711-11,463
2010 Q4-1,950-7391,3301,105
2011 Q1-1,003-1,1443,160780
2011 Q2-1,944-2,1693,95473
2011 Q3-834-9713,958-576
2011 Q4-1,961-1,4564,896434
2012 Q1-3,342-2,23810,431-1,789
2012 Q2-4,474-2,2508,367-780
2012 Q3-3,692-2,5129,785-595
2012 Q4-1,630-1,9757,704-1,158
2013 Q1-4,571-1,5549,746-383
2013 Q2-4,008-4,39011,363268
2013 Q3-2,062-4,73610,2341,822
2013 Q4-1,346-2,6665,487807
2014 Q1-4,341-2,2468,7681,723
2014 Q2-6,815-4,66410,8935,123
2014 Q3-1,299-5,4526,3865,594
2014 Q4-2,186-2,1413,0763,419
2015 Q1-3,275-2,7096,4824,492
2015 Q2-1,935-5,8405,6506,874
2015 Q31,911-3,580-1,9977,183
2015 Q41,326-2,071-2,7114,278
2016 Q11,611-1,248-4,3905,939
2016 Q24,229-4,219-6,0109,173
2016 Q37,651-3,546-4,5664,757
2016 Q42,249-1,579-2,8643,720
2017 Q1233-441-3,0794,291
2017 Q23,249-2,561-5,0506,066
2017 Q34,989-2,196-1,2742,728
2017 Q42,487-802-1,0112,211
2018 Q11,782-519-1722,737
2018 Q2686-2,176-7906,313
2018 Q35,107-2,061-2411,872
2018 Q42,042-1,344581,794
2019 Q185-3411423,528
2019 Q2-605-382-1,9916,131
2019 Q34,396-1,749712,319
2019 Q4823-5907082,287
2020 Q1-1,612-5578953,875
2020 Q2-813-1,540-4,0518,518
2020 Q3-21-1,250-6343,266
2020 Q4-386-1,256-1,4293,651
2021 Q1-6,225-446-3,0266,992
2021 Q2-11,7738-4,36911,467
2021 Q3-3,209-2,5672467,878
2021 Q4-4,325-1,4187484,710
2022 Q1-8,592-4701,3005,022
2022 Q2-14,892-2,0743,3528,459
2022 Q3-5,891-3,35113,160-2,138
2022 Q4-3,912-2,8127,775-18
2023 Q1-9,776-1,7189,7722,068
2023 Q2-10,151-2,4528,7013,476
2023 Q3-9,391-2,43616,514-3,187
2023 Q4-5,528-2,2959,376-1,639
2024 Q1-12,702-1,14111,525-771
2024 Q2-15,068-87810,9791,470
2024 Q3-7,043-1,1739,806-1,161
2024 Q4-3,809-1,7474,73396
2025 Q1-8,526-1,8316,315-27
2025 Q2-10,335-3,3075,5223,671
2025 Q3-1,812-2,3285,7501,423
2025 Q4-2,198-1,6173,8001,177
2026 Q1-6,942-1,9066,2191,572
2026 Q2-7,063-1,2335,8932,756

Age structure of the population, July 1 (% of population)

0-1415-6465+
69.5%8.0%19712026

1971 → 2026 · Statistics Canada — Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, annual

View the data table for Age structure of the population, July 1 (% of population) (56 periods × 3 series)
Period0-1415-6465+
197129.3%62.7%8.0%
197228.5%63.3%8.1%
197327.7%64.0%8.2%
197426.9%64.7%8.3%
197526.2%65.4%8.5%
197625.4%66.0%8.6%
197724.7%66.5%8.8%
197824.0%67.0%9.0%
197923.3%67.5%9.2%
198022.7%67.9%9.4%
198122.3%68.1%9.6%
198222.0%68.3%9.7%
198321.8%68.4%9.9%
198421.6%68.4%10.0%
198521.3%68.5%10.2%
198621.0%68.5%10.5%
198720.9%68.4%10.7%
198820.8%68.3%10.9%
198920.7%68.2%11.1%
199020.7%68.0%11.3%
199120.7%67.9%11.5%
199220.7%67.7%11.6%
199320.7%67.6%11.7%
199420.6%67.6%11.8%
199520.4%67.6%12.0%
199620.2%67.7%12.1%
199720.0%67.8%12.2%
199819.8%67.9%12.3%
199919.5%68.1%12.5%
200019.2%68.3%12.6%
200118.9%68.5%12.6%
200218.6%68.7%12.7%
200318.3%68.9%12.8%
200418.0%69.0%12.9%
200517.7%69.3%13.1%
200617.3%69.4%13.3%
200717.1%69.5%13.4%
200816.9%69.4%13.7%
200916.7%69.4%13.9%
201016.5%69.3%14.1%
201116.4%69.2%14.4%
201216.3%68.8%14.8%
201316.3%68.5%15.3%
201416.2%68.1%15.6%
201516.2%67.7%16.0%
201616.2%67.4%16.4%
201716.2%67.0%16.8%
201816.2%66.7%17.1%
201916.1%66.4%17.5%
202016.0%66.1%17.9%
202115.9%65.6%18.4%
202215.7%65.5%18.7%
202315.4%65.7%18.9%
202415.2%65.8%19.0%
202515.0%65.5%19.5%
202615.0%65.0%20.0%

What this means together

Net interprovincial migration diverged across four provinces.

Four provinces show a persistent pattern in net interprovincial migration — the number of people moving to a province from elsewhere in Canada, minus the number leaving it. Ontario and Quebec have each recorded a long, unbroken run of net outflows to other provinces; Alberta a comparably long run of net inflows. British Columbia's net flow has different averages across two selected periods; that descriptive comparison does not establish a change date or statistical significance. This describes only the pattern of movement, not its causes, and covers these four provinces only — not a claim about every province and territory.

OBSERVED

Ontario net interprovincial migration, quarterly: 26 consecutive quarters at a negative level

Ontario net interprovincial migration, quarterly has been negative for 26 consecutive quarters, beginning in 2020 Q1. The latest reading is -7,063 in 2026 Q2. A streak counts consecutive periods in one direction; it carries no causal claim and does not imply the run will continue.

Technical details
Method: Count consecutive quarters with a negative level, most recent backward; reported only from 6 consecutive quarters onward.
Source: Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of interprovincial migration, quarterly
OBSERVED

Alberta net interprovincial migration, quarterly: 20 consecutive quarters at a positive level

Alberta net interprovincial migration, quarterly has been positive for 20 consecutive quarters, beginning in 2021 Q3. The latest reading is 5,893 in 2026 Q2. A streak counts consecutive periods in one direction; it carries no causal claim and does not imply the run will continue.

Technical details
Method: Count consecutive quarters with a positive level, most recent backward; reported only from 6 consecutive quarters onward.
Source: Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of interprovincial migration, quarterly
OBSERVED

British Columbia net interprovincial migration, quarterly: different averages either side of 2022 Q3

A two-segment mean-shift scan over the last 40 quarters selects a split in British Columbia net interprovincial migration, quarterly at 2022 Q3: mean 4,775 before vs 548 after (difference = 1.8× pooled variability). The selected date divides two sets of observations; it does not establish when a change began. This descriptive comparison is not a significance test and does not attribute a cause. Window choice and seasonal patterns can affect it.

Technical details
Method: Descriptive two-segment mean comparison; selects the largest |difference in means| / pooled standard deviation, reported at ratios of at least 1.5 with at least eight observations per segment. No change-date or statistical-significance inference.
Source: Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of interprovincial migration, quarterly
OBSERVED

Quebec net interprovincial migration, quarterly: 20 consecutive quarters at a negative level

Quebec net interprovincial migration, quarterly has been negative for 20 consecutive quarters, beginning in 2021 Q3. The latest reading is -1,233 in 2026 Q2. A streak counts consecutive periods in one direction; it carries no causal claim and does not imply the run will continue.

Technical details
Method: Count consecutive quarters with a negative level, most recent backward; reported only from 6 consecutive quarters onward.
Source: Statistics Canada — Estimates of the components of interprovincial migration, quarterly

What the record says about this domain

Findings

INFERRED

NPR share 6.65% vs the sub-5% end-2027 target: behind a straight-line pace

The government's 2026-2028 Levels Plan commits to a temporary population below 5% of Canada's population by end-2027. On 2026-07-01 the NPR share was 6.65% (StatsCan basis), vs 7.05% at the start of the plan period. A straight line from 7.05% (2025 Q4) to 5.0% (end 2027) passes through 6.37% today; the observed share is above that line. The straight-line path is Countability's measurement convention — IRCC stated only the endpoint. IRCC's 'temporary population' concept and StatsCan's NPR estimate differ at the margin; the StatsCan basis is used consistently.

Technical details
Method: Linear glidepath from the 2025-10-01 NPR share to 5.0% at 2028-01-01; on pace if latest share ≤ glidepath value. Target from IRCC Levels Plan 2026-2028.
Source: Statistics Canada — Non-permanent residents by type, quarterly · Statistics Canada — Population estimates, quarterly · IRCC — 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan (supplementary information)
OBSERVED

Net non-permanent resident change negative for 3 consecutive quarters

The net change in non-permanent residents was -18,875 in 2026 Q2, part of a run of 3 consecutive negative quarters. The NPR population was 2,779,774 on 2026-07-01 (6.65% of Canada's population), down from its peak.

Technical details
Method: Count consecutive quarters with net NPR change < 0, most recent backward.
Source: Statistics Canada — Components of international migration, quarterly · Statistics Canada — Non-permanent residents by type, quarterly

Registered commitments

Behind pace

Reduce Canada's temporary population to less than 5% of the total population by the end of 2027

Issuer: Government of Canada (IRCC, 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan). Stated in 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan, supplementary information.

Latest observed: 6.65 (2026 Q3) against target 5.

Source: Issuer publication · accessed 2026-07-07
On pace

Stabilize permanent resident admissions at 380,000 per year for 2026-2028

Issuer: Government of Canada (IRCC, 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan). Stated in 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan.

Latest observed: 262,245 (8 months to Aug 2026) against target 380,000.

Source: Issuer publication · accessed 2026-07-07
No pace verdict

New temporary resident arrivals of 385,000 in 2026 (370,000 in 2027 and 2028)

Issuer: Government of Canada (IRCC, 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan). Stated in 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan.

Latest observed: — against target 385,000.

Source: Issuer publication · accessed 2026-07-07

Evidence gaps

Evidence gap

Are temporary residents actually leaving at the rate the 2026-2028 Levels Plan assumes?

What is missing: Canada has no direct public measure of temporary-resident departures. Net NPR change (StatsCan 17-10-0040/17-10-0121) reflects arrivals minus departures plus status transitions; departures are not separately published.

Consequence: The Levels Plan's path to a sub-5% temporary population depends on exits that cannot be directly verified from public data. NPR stock and share can be tracked (and are); the departure mechanism cannot be decomposed.

What would close it: Publication of exit/departure estimates or permit-expiry cohort outcomes by IRCC or StatsCan.
Evidence gap

Is the 385,000 new-temporary-resident-arrivals target for 2026 being met?

What is missing: No held public series measures the plan's 'new arrivals' concept. IRCC monthly permit flows count documents becoming effective (including renewals and in-Canada transitions); StatsCan net-NPR change nets out departures.

Consequence: The arrivals target is published as a registered target without a compliance claim; permit flows are shown as labelled proxies only.

What would close it: IRCC publication of new-arrival counts on the levels-plan definition.
Evidence gap

How many hearings does Canada's refugee board have scheduled against its pending caseload?

What is missing: The Immigration and Refugee Board publishes decision outputs and pending counts, but no located public series states hearings held or hearings scheduled. The one externally set standard a claims register could test -- the regulation-set timeline for claim referral -- cannot be checked because the connecting series (hearings against pending inventory) is not published on any cadence.

Consequence: The board's throughput can be read only after the fact, from decisions; the forward relationship between its scheduled capacity and its pending inventory is not publicly measurable. Backlog commentary therefore runs on totals and averages that cannot be decomposed into the board's own scheduling reality.

What would close it: The board (or its administrative-tribunal service) publishing hearings-held and hearings-scheduled series on a stated cadence, at any grain from national totals down.

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