ChangedEvidence through 2026-09-16
Next: The next National Accounts, business-productivity, capital-stock or multifactor-productivity release. Future release dates are unverified here. An annual investment-per-worker update requires four investment quarters…
Annual capital-per-worker figures are unchanged. Business-sector output per hour grew 0.36% a year from 2019 Q4 to 2026 Q2.
The answer
The September 16 check leaves the annual capital figures unchanged. Non-residential stock per worker was $127,963 in 2024, down 3.7% from 2019 and 5.7% from the 2014 peak of $135,647. Real business investment per worker fell 7.2%, from $21,845 in 2019 to $20,265 in 2025. These chained-dollar measures have different scopes: stock includes government and non-profits; investment covers business.
Business-sector output per hour rose 1.0% in 2026 Q2 from revised Q1. Average annual log growth from 2019 Q4 to 2026 Q2 was 0.36%, against the earlier reading’s 0.19% through Q1. The new quarter and revisions both matter. Earlier era rates remain 2.15% for 1991 Q2–2001 Q2, 0.75% for 2001 Q2–2011 Q2 and 1.06% for 2011 Q2–2019 Q4. This improvement leaves the post-2019 pace below those windows and does not establish its cause.
Stock and official multifactor-productivity records still end in 2024 and 2023. Complete-year investment and employment through 2025 are unchanged. The quarterly investment-share chart includes revised Q1 and new Q2; annual shares and composition remain as shown below. Q2 business investment was $427,991 million in chained 2017 dollars and $618,156 million at current prices, both at seasonally adjusted annual rates. An incomplete 2026 cannot extend the annual per-worker comparison. The earlier answer and its September 2 check are preserved below.
| Level, earlier window | 132,925.0 CAD per worker |
|---|---|
| Level, later window | 127,963.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | -4,962.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | -3.7% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +4.7% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +8.7% |
The pinned non-residential capital stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
What this means for the decision
Compare the recent productivity improvement with the longer capital-per-worker declines. Neither a better quarter nor co-movement proves causation. The stock observation ends in 2024 and cannot measure later investment.
The key uncertainty
The capital-stock record includes all industries, including government and non-profits; the investment flow and productivity records cover business. Per-worker ratios use Labour Force Survey employment headcounts, while productivity measures output per hour. Real levels use chained 2017 dollars; GDP and asset-composition shares use current prices. The annual official productivity decomposition ends in 2023, so it cannot attribute the 2026 movement to capital intensity.
What would settle it
The next National Accounts, business-productivity, capital-stock or multifactor-productivity release. Future release dates are unverified here. An annual investment-per-worker update requires four investment quarters and twelve employment months.
Tools, buildings and technology support production. This Brief compares capital per worker with business-sector output per hour, keeping their different scopes visible. A better productivity quarter does not establish a sustained investment recovery.
Evidence reviewed through 2026-09-16 · 9 cited sources · 4 member Resolutions · 10 chapters
Resolution lineages behind this Brief: How old the capital is: the measured age of Canada's non-residential capital stock, and of its infrastructure, on two… → · The capital record behind each worker: non-residential capital stock and business investment, by asset class, 1961… → · What a first estimate of Canadian investment is worth: the capital expenditures survey's own release archive, 2015… → · Business-sector labour productivity by era, 1991 through 2026 Q1, and the official capital-intensity decomposition… →
Review each quarterly National Accounts and productivity release, plus annual capital-stock and multifactor-productivity releases. Annual windows require a complete year.
Earlier readings
These answers are preserved as originally written. Their dates and statements about missing or upcoming evidence belong to that earlier reading.
Reading through 2026-08-02 — Capital stock per worker fell 3.7% since 2019 (5.7% since the 2014 peak); real business investment per worker is down 7.2%. Investment's GDP share barely moved -- a growing workforce, not a spending collapse, explains much of the per-worker fall.
Canada's non-residential capital stock per worker has fallen for a decade: from $135,647 in 2014, the record's peak year, to $127,963 in 2024 -- down 5.7 percent, including a 3.7 percent fall since 2019, the year before the productivity slowdown this Brief measures against. Real business investment per worker shows the same direction on the flow side: $21,845 in 2019 to $20,265 in 2025, down 7.2 percent. Over the same span, business-sector output per hour -- the productivity record -- grew 2.15 percent a year through the 1990s, slowed to 0.75 percent through the 2000s, recovered to 1.06 percent through the 2010s, and has grown just 0.19 percent a year since 2019: one-eleventh its 1990s pace. What the investment share of GDP does not show is a simple story: it barely moved, from 20.6 percent in 2014 to 18.6 percent in 2025 -- a two-point fall from the peak, not a collapse. The per-worker declines are substantially a workforce-growth story: a roughly steady share of a still-growing economy divided among many more workers falls in per-worker terms even without a spending collapse. Inside the investment total, the composition has shifted: machinery and equipment's share of business investment fell from 22.9 percent in 2000 to 18.8 percent in 2025, while intellectual property products rose from 12.0 percent to 14.6 percent and non-residential structures from 28.3 percent to 31.1 percent.
Re-affirmed 2 September 2026, against the April-June 2026 National Accounts that Statistics Canada published on 28 August 2026 -- the release this Brief named as its own next trigger. Not one figure above moved. Every stock and flow figure here is a calendar-year average or a year-end level, and the newest calendar year this Brief publishes is 2025; the release added a single quarter, April to June 2026, which falls inside a calendar year that is not yet complete and therefore inside no published window. The release also restated one earlier quarter, January to March 2026, which likewise lies outside every window pinned here. Countability re-fetched all four source tables behind this Brief and compared them observation by observation with the archived bytes its figures are pinned to: the two annual records -- the capital-stock record and the multifactor-productivity record -- returned zero changes of any kind, and the two quarterly records changed only in the two quarters just named. On the flow side the new quarter puts business gross fixed capital formation at $427,991 million in chained 2017 dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates, and $618,156 million at current prices. Those are stated as the freshest published quarter, not folded into any per-worker or share figure above, because a single quarter is not a calendar year.
This Brief answers the Big Question Is Canada rebuilding the capital behind each worker? · How this Brief was made — sources, method and limits →
Chapter 1§
The productivity record, by era
The outcome side of the record this Brief exists to explain: business-sector output per hour, by era, from the record's start through the latest published quarter.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 Q2 (era boundary) | 70.4 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | Same published quantity and units as the preserved earlier value, independently checked unchanged in the September 16 archive. |
| 2001 Q2 | 87.3 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | Same published quantity and units as the preserved earlier value, independently checked unchanged in the September 16 archive. |
| 2011 Q2 | 94.0 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | Same published quantity and units as the preserved earlier value, independently checked unchanged in the September 16 archive. |
| 2019 Q4 (era boundary) | 102.9 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | Same published quantity and units as the preserved earlier value, independently checked unchanged in the September 16 archive. |
| 2026 Q2 (September 2026 reading) | 105.3 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | Published business-sector labour-productivity index, seasonally adjusted, in the September 3 release captured September 16, 2026. |
| 2026 Q1 (revised in the September release) | 104.2 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | Published business-sector labour-productivity index, seasonally adjusted, September 3 release captured September 16. The earlier Q1 value remains attached to… |
| Comparison | Movement | Convention |
|---|---|---|
| Business-sector labour productivity, 1991 Q2 to 2001 Q2 | +16.9 index, 2017=100 | Numeric difference: the later index level minus the earlier, in index points; the percentage difference is the total percent change over the full ten-year window (not annualized). The average annual pace over the… |
| Business-sector labour productivity, 2001 Q2 to 2011 Q2 | +6.8 index, 2017=100 | Numeric difference in index points; the percentage difference is the total percent change over the full ten-year window (not annualized). Average annual log growth: +0.75 percent per year, stated in this entry's note. |
| Business-sector labour productivity, 2011 Q2 to 2019 Q4 | +8.8 index, 2017=100 | Numeric difference in index points; the percentage difference is the total percent change over the full 8.5-year window (not annualized). Average annual log growth: +1.06 percent per year, stated in this entry's note. |
| Business-sector labour productivity, 2019 Q4 to 2026 Q2 (September reading) | +2.4 index, 2017=100 | Later index minus earlier index; percentage difference is the total change over 6.5 years. Average annual log growth is 100 × ln(later/earlier) ÷ 6.5. The earlier boundary is unchanged in the new source vintage. |
| Business-sector labour productivity, 2026 Q1 to Q2, September vintage | +1.0 index, 2017=100 | Numeric difference is the later index minus the earlier; percentage difference is 100 × (later / earlier − 1), not annualized. |
The evidence behind this chapter: Business-sector labour productivity by era, 1991 through 2026 Q1, and the official capital-intensity decomposition… →
Chapter 2§
Capital stock per worker
The stock side of the capital record: non-residential capital per worker, at the record's peak year, at the pre-slowdown boundary this Brief measures against, and at the latest published year.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year-end 2014 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 2,405,117.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2014 annual value at the total-non-residential, total-all-industries, geometric-net-stock, chained-2017-dollar coordinate, as published at… |
| Year-end 2019 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 2,534,236.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2019 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture. |
| Year-end 2024 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries; the latest published year) | 2,652,237.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2024 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture -- the freshest year in the annual stock record, which lags the flow record by… |
| Calendar 2014 (average employment) | 17,730,658.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2014, same capture. |
| Calendar 2019 (average employment) | 19,065,167.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2019, same capture. |
| Calendar 2024 (average employment) | 20,726,667.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2024, same capture. |
| Comparison | Movement | Convention |
|---|---|---|
| Non-residential capital stock, year-end 2019 to year-end 2024 | +118,001.0 CAD millions | Numeric difference: the later year-end level minus the earlier, in millions of Canadian dollars; percent difference relative to the earlier level. Both are the same published stock series. |
| Non-residential capital stock, year-end 2014 (the record's peak) to year-end 2024 | +247,120.0 CAD millions | Numeric difference: the later year-end level minus the earlier, in millions of Canadian dollars; percent difference relative to the earlier level. |
The evidence behind this chapter: The capital record behind each worker: non-residential capital stock and business investment, by asset class, 1961… →
Chapter 3§
Real business investment per worker
The flow side: real business investment per worker, at the same pre-slowdown boundary and the latest complete calendar year.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar 2019 (real business gross fixed capital formation) | 416,471.8 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2019 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 2025 (real business gross fixed capital formation; the latest complete calendar year) | 426,012.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2025 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. The freshest single published quarter (2026 Q1) reads $420,619… |
| Calendar 2025 (average employment) | 21,022,400.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2025, same capture. |
| Comparison | Movement | Convention |
|---|---|---|
| Real business gross fixed capital formation, calendar 2019 to calendar 2025 | +9,540.2 CAD millions | Numeric difference: the later calendar-year average minus the earlier, in millions of Canadian dollars; percent difference relative to the earlier level. Both windows are averages of the same published quarterly SAAR… |
Chapter 4§
The long record of building
The same two ratios this Brief pins for the recent windows -- real business investment per worker, and the capital stock behind each worker -- computed era by era across the full archived record. The era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief, so the capital side and the outcome side of the question read against the same clock; a pre-convention window reaching back to the earliest aligned year is stated as illustrative context, not a further era. Each era is its own comparison of pinned endpoint years; nothing is interpolated, and the recent windows the Brief already states are carried by their own existing rows, not re-computed here.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar 1976 (real business gross fixed capital formation) | 127,458.8 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-1976 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 1991 (real business gross fixed capital formation) | 187,429.8 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-1991 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 2001 (real business gross fixed capital formation) | 275,370.2 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2001 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 2011 (real business gross fixed capital formation) | 388,215.5 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2011 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 2019 (real business gross fixed capital formation) | 416,471.8 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2019 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 2025 (real business gross fixed capital formation; the latest complete calendar year) | 426,012.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2025 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. The freshest single published quarter (2026 Q1) reads $420,619… |
| Year-end 1976 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 877,375.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 1976 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture. |
| Year-end 1991 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 1,351,765.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 1991 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture. |
| Year-end 2001 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 1,620,499.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2001 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture. |
| Year-end 2011 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 2,168,553.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2011 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture. |
| Year-end 2019 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 2,534,236.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2019 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture. |
| Year-end 2024 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries; the latest published year) | 2,652,237.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2024 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture -- the freshest year in the annual stock record, which lags the flow record by… |
| Calendar 1976 (average employment) | 9,751,883.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 1976, same capture. |
| Calendar 1991 (average employment) | 12,855,308.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 1991, same capture. |
| Calendar 2001 (average employment) | 14,938,200.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2001, same capture. |
| Calendar 2011 (average employment) | 17,226,617.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2011, same capture. |
| Calendar 2019 (average employment) | 19,065,167.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2019, same capture. |
| Calendar 2024 (average employment) | 20,726,667.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2024, same capture. |
| Calendar 2025 (average employment) | 21,022,400.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2025, same capture. |
The evidence behind this chapter: The capital record behind each worker: non-residential capital stock and business investment, by asset class, 1961… →
Chapter 5§
What Canada invests in
The composition of business investment by asset class, over the same quarter-century the productivity record spans -- what has gained share and what has lost it.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar 2000 (real business gross fixed capital formation) | 265,736.2 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2000 quarterly SAAR values at the total-business-GFCF, chained-2017-dollar coordinate, same capture. |
| Calendar 2000 (business non-residential structures investment) | 75,080.8 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2000 quarterly SAAR values at the non-residential-structures coordinate, same capture. |
| Calendar 2025 (business non-residential structures investment) | 132,404.2 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2025 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 2000 (business machinery-and-equipment investment) | 60,947.2 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2000 quarterly SAAR values at the machinery-and-equipment coordinate, same capture. |
| Calendar 2025 (business machinery-and-equipment investment) | 80,291.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2025 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
| Calendar 2000 (business intellectual-property-products investment) | 32,008.2 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2000 quarterly SAAR values at the intellectual-property-products coordinate, same capture. |
| Calendar 2025 (business intellectual-property-products investment) | 62,214.8 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Average of the four published calendar-2025 quarterly SAAR values, same coordinate and capture. |
Chapter 6§
What the stock is made of
The stock behind each worker, separated into the classification's own four asset classes -- non-residential buildings, engineering construction, machinery and equipment, and intellectual property products -- each read per worker from the earliest era boundary to the latest published year. Chained-dollar classes are never summed and never turned into shares of one another: each class is compared only with its own history, in its own published series, and the total appears beside them from its own series. Where the flow section above shows what Canada has been buying lately, this section shows what the accumulated stock actually consists of, and which classes have and have not kept pace with the workforce.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year-end 1991 (non-residential buildings net stock, total all industries) | 456,331.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 1991 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 2024 (non-residential buildings net stock, total all industries) | 652,000.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2024 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 1991 (engineering construction net stock, total all industries) | 580,867.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 1991 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 2024 (engineering construction net stock, total all industries) | 1,328,391.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2024 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 1991 (machinery and equipment net stock, total all industries) | 238,031.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 1991 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 2024 (machinery and equipment net stock, total all industries) | 404,203.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2024 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 1991 (intellectual property products net stock, total all industries) | 94,135.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 1991 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 2024 (intellectual property products net stock, total all industries) | 268,998.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2024 annual value at this publication's coordinate, chained (2017) dollars, same capture. |
| Year-end 1991 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries) | 1,351,765.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 1991 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture. |
| Year-end 2024 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries; the latest published year) | 2,652,237.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | The published 2024 annual value at the same coordinate, same basis and capture -- the freshest year in the annual stock record, which lags the flow record by… |
| Calendar 1991 (average employment) | 12,855,308.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 1991, same capture. |
| Calendar 2024 (average employment) | 20,726,667.0 persons | institutional estimate | — | Average of the twelve published monthly employment values of calendar 2024, same capture. |
The evidence behind this chapter: The capital record behind each worker: non-residential capital stock and business investment, by asset class, 1961… →
Chapter 7§
How old the capital is
The Brief measures how much capital stands behind each worker; this chapter asks how old that capital is. Statistics Canada publishes the answer twice, on two instruments that are never merged here. The capital-stock survey's record: in its latest reference year the non-residential stock of all industries is as old as the survey has measured it, on both of the price bases the issuer publishes -- and the aging is uneven, concentrated in mining, quarrying and oil and gas and in machinery and equipment, the asset class nearest the worker, while utilities' capital grew younger. The Infrastructure Economic Accounts carry the same question back to the early nineteen-eighties and record a turn: infrastructure aged to a peak two decades ago and has grown younger since -- unevenly too, with bridges renewed to below their starting age while sewage works remain within half a year of the oldest the account has ever recorded them. Every age is stated as the instruments publish it and attributed to nothing.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average age of the non-residential capital stock, all industries, 2009, at original prices | 8.4 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | Table 34-10-0166-01, Canada, original prices, average age, all industries, total non-residential, reference year 2009 -- the first year the cube publishes. As… |
| Average age of the non-residential capital stock, all industries, 2024, at original prices | 9.2 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2024, as published. 9.2 years is the highest value in the sixteen published years; it was first reached in 2022 and has held… |
| The same age at current prices, 2009 | 11.2 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The current-prices basis of the same measure at reference year 2009, as published. The two bases weight the same stock differently and publish different… |
| The same age at current prices, 2024 | 11.6 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The current-prices series at reference year 2024, as published. 11.6 years is the highest value in the sixteen published years on this basis too, first reached… |
| Remaining useful service life ratio of the same stock, 2024, at original prices | 63.4 ratio | institutional estimate | unaudited | The cube's remaining-useful-service-life ratio at original prices, reference year 2024, as published on the issuer's own scale. In 2009 the same series read… |
| The same remaining-life ratio at current prices, 2024 | 55.8 ratio | institutional estimate | unaudited | The current-prices basis of the remaining-life measure at reference year 2024, as published; the 2009 value on this basis is 55.5. |
| Average age of mining, quarrying and oil and gas capital, 2014, at current prices | 9.5 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction industry at current prices, reference year 2014, as published -- the series' low point within the published… |
| Average age of mining, quarrying and oil and gas capital, 2024 | 13.0 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2024, as published: the highest value in its published window, reached at the window's end. This is where the survey's aging… |
| Average age of utilities' capital, 2009, at current prices | 17.2 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The utilities industry at current prices, reference year 2009, as published -- the oldest capital of any industry pinned in this entry, and the series' highest… |
| Average age of utilities' capital, 2024 | 15.0 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2024, as published: the lowest value in its published window, reached at the window's end. Utilities' capital moved against… |
| Average age of machinery and equipment, all industries, 2009, at current prices | 5.3 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The machinery-and-equipment asset across all industries at current prices, reference year 2009, as published -- the series' lowest value in the published… |
| Average age of machinery and equipment, all industries, 2024 | 6.0 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2024, as published: 6.0 years is the highest value in the published window, first reached in 2021 and held since. The… |
| Average age of Canada's infrastructure, 1981 -- the first year of the account | 12.2 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | Table 36-10-0611-01, Canada, average age, total assets, all functions, reference year 1981, as published. The Infrastructure Economic Accounts are a separate… |
| Average age of Canada's infrastructure at its 2004 peak | 15.5 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2004: the highest value in the forty-five published years, and the only year at that value. The account's record rises from… |
| Average age of Canada's infrastructure, 2025 | 13.1 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2025, the account's latest published year: 2.4 years below the 2004 peak, and 0.9 years above the account's 1981 starting… |
| Remaining useful life of Canada's infrastructure at its lowest published point, 2001 | 52.2 ratio | institutional estimate | unaudited | The account's remaining-useful-life measure, total assets, all functions, reference year 2001, as published on the issuer's own scale -- the lowest value in… |
| Remaining useful life of Canada's infrastructure, 2025 | 59.5 ratio | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2025, as published: 7.3 points above the 2001-2003 low, and 2.0 points below the account's 1981 starting value of 61.5. |
| Average age of Canada's bridges at their 2000 peak | 11.2 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The account's bridges asset class at reference year 2000: the highest value in its published window, reached again in 2004 and never since. |
| Average age of Canada's bridges, 2025 | 9.1 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The same series at reference year 2025, as published: below its 1981 value of 10.7 -- the only one of the three asset classes read in this entry (bridges,… |
| Average age of Canada's sewage infrastructure, 2025 | 16.8 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The account's sewage-infrastructure asset class at reference year 2025, as published: half a year below its own peak of 17.3, held from 2005 through 2008, and… |
| Average age of Canada's electric power infrastructure, 2025 | 15.3 years | institutional estimate | unaudited | The account's electric-power-infrastructure asset class at reference year 2025, as published: down from a peak of 20.0 years held across 2004 through 2006, and… |
| Comparison | Movement | Convention |
|---|---|---|
| The stock's age at original prices: 2009 against 2024 | +0.8 years | Numeric difference: the 2024 average age minus the 2009 average age of the all-industries non-residential capital stock at original prices, in years. The percentage is the difference over the 2009 level. |
| The stock's age at current prices: 2009 against 2024 | +0.4 years | Numeric difference: the same construction on the cube's current-prices basis. The percentage is the difference over the 2009 level. |
| Mining, quarrying and oil and gas: the decade from the series' low | +3.5 years | Numeric difference: the industry's 2024 average age minus its 2014 average age, at current prices, in years. The percentage is the difference over the 2014 level. |
| Utilities: 2009 against 2024 | -2.2 years | Numeric difference: the utilities industry's 2024 average age minus its 2009 average age, at current prices, in years. The percentage is the difference over the 2009 level. |
| Machinery and equipment: 2009 against 2024 | +0.7 years | Numeric difference: the machinery-and-equipment asset's 2024 average age minus its 2009 average age, across all industries at current prices, in years. The percentage is the difference over the 2009 level. |
| Infrastructure: from the 2004 peak to 2025 | -2.4 years | Numeric difference: the infrastructure stock's 2025 average age minus its 2004 peak, in years, on the Infrastructure Economic Accounts. The percentage is the difference over the 2004 level. |
| Infrastructure remaining life: from the 2001 low to 2025 | +7.3 ratio | Numeric difference: the 2025 remaining-useful-life ratio minus the 2001 low, in points on the issuer's own scale. No percentage is stated for a difference of ratios. |
| Bridges: from the 2000 peak to 2025 | -2.1 years | Numeric difference: the bridge stock's 2025 average age minus its 2000 peak, in years, on the same account. The percentage is the difference over the 2000 level. |
The evidence behind this chapter: How old the capital is: the measured age of Canada's non-residential capital stock, and of its infrastructure, on two… →
Chapter 8§
Investment against the whole economy
Business investment set against the whole economy: the investment share of GDP at its peak year and at the latest complete calendar year.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar 2014 (business gross fixed capital formation, current prices; the record's highest investment-share-of-GDP year) | 410,591.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Same published quantity and units as the preserved earlier value, independently checked unchanged in the September 16 archive. |
| Calendar 2025 (business gross fixed capital formation, current prices) | 603,486.0 CAD millions | institutional estimate | — | Same published quantity and units as the preserved earlier value, independently checked unchanged in the September 16 archive. |
| Comparison | Movement | Convention |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal business gross fixed capital formation, calendar 2014 (the record's highest GDP-share year) to calendar 2025 | +192,895.0 CAD millions | Numeric difference: the later calendar-year average minus the earlier, in millions of Canadian dollars; percent difference relative to the earlier level. |
Chapter 9§
What the official decomposition shows
Statistics Canada's own decomposition of labour-productivity growth into a capital-intensity contribution, as published -- and how far behind the current quarter it runs.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 (official capital-intensity contribution to labour-productivity growth, business sector) | 100.8 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | The published 2019 annual value of the capital-intensity-contribution index, same coordinate and capture. |
| 2023 (the latest published year -- roughly two and a half years behind the current quarter) | 101.9 index, 2017=100 | institutional estimate | — | The published 2023 annual value, same coordinate and capture. |
| Comparison | Movement | Convention |
|---|---|---|
| Official capital-intensity contribution index, business sector, 2019 to 2023 | +1.1 index, 2017=100 | Numeric difference in index points; the percentage difference is the total percent change over the four-year window. This index measures a different quantity, on a different basis, than the stock/flow per-worker levels… |
Evidence gap
How much of the current productivity slowdown does the capital record itself explain, on Statistics Canada's own official growth-accounting decomposition?
What is missing: Statistics Canada's multifactor-productivity programme (table 36-10-0208-01) is the only official source that decomposes measured labour-productivity growth into a capital-intensity contribution, a labour-composition contribution, and multifactor productivity, on one consistent accounting framework. It is published annually, roughly two and a half years behind the current quarter (2023 is the latest available year as of this Brief's evidence cutoff) — too stale to decompose the 2024-2026 stretch of the productivity slowdown this Brief's stock and flow readings cover.
Consequence: The Capital Behind Each Worker Brief can state whether measured capital per worker (stock) and real business investment per worker (flow) are rising or falling, on the issuer's own levels — and it does. It cannot state how much of the post-2019 productivity slowdown the capital record itself explains, because the one official measure built to answer that question does not yet cover the years in question. The Brief therefore reads the capital and productivity records side by side, on their own bases, and does not construct its own decomposition to bridge the gap.
What would close it: Statistics Canada publishing the multifactor-productivity decomposition (table 36-10-0208-01 or a successor) for reference years 2024 and 2025, closing the lag to within a year or two of the current quarter.
The evidence behind this chapter: Business-sector labour productivity by era, 1991 through 2026 Q1, and the official capital-intensity decomposition… →
Chapter 10§
What a first estimate is worth
Canada's first published figure for a year's business investment appears in February of that year, before the year has happened: it is a survey of what organisations say they intend to spend. The capital expenditures survey keeps every one of its own releases, so the intentions figure and the figure the same reference year comes to carry can be read out of a single table -- how far apart they have been, in which direction, and how many publications it took before a year stopped moving.
| Period | Value | Role | Assurance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference year 2019 as first published, 28 February 2019 -- an intentions figure for a year not yet spent | 252,060.7 CAD millions | projection | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 5 ("February 28, 2019"), coordinate Canada / Capital expenditures / All Industries, reference year 2019, in millions of… |
| Reference year 2019 as it reads today, unchanged since February 2021 | 273,776.1 CAD millions | revised observation | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 13 ("February 25, 2026"), same coordinate, reference year 2019. Nine release members carry this reference year; the figure… |
| Reference year 2020 as first published, 27 February 2020 | 275,499.9 CAD millions | projection | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 6 ("February 27, 2020"), same coordinate, reference year 2020, in millions of Canadian dollars. The survey's intentions… |
| Reference year 2020 at the August 2020 release, the only publication in the archive outside the February cycle | 242,634.5 CAD millions | revised observation | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 7 ("August 11, 2020"), same coordinate, reference year 2020, in millions of Canadian dollars. Pinned because it is where… |
| Reference year 2020 as it reads today, unchanged since February 2022 | 248,897.2 CAD millions | revised observation | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 13 ("February 25, 2026"), same coordinate, reference year 2020. Eight release members carry this reference year; the figure… |
| Reference year 2023 as first published, 28 February 2023 | 319,910.6 CAD millions | projection | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 10 ("February 28, 2023"), same coordinate, reference year 2023, in millions of Canadian dollars. The survey's intentions… |
| Reference year 2023 as it reads today, unchanged since February 2025 | 352,337.5 CAD millions | revised observation | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 13 ("February 25, 2026"), same coordinate, reference year 2023. Four release members carry this reference year; the figure… |
| Reference year 2024 as first published, 27 February 2024 | 353,885.7 CAD millions | projection | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 11 ("February 27, 2024"), same coordinate, reference year 2024, in millions of Canadian dollars. The survey's intentions… |
| Reference year 2024 at its third annual publication, February 2026 | 369,367.0 CAD millions | revised observation | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 13 ("February 25, 2026"), same coordinate, reference year 2024. Three release members carry this reference year. In every… |
| Reference year 2025 as first published, 26 February 2025 | 388,558.7 CAD millions | projection | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 12 ("February 26, 2025"), same coordinate, reference year 2025, in millions of Canadian dollars. The survey's intentions… |
| Reference year 2026 as first published, 25 February 2026 -- the newest figure in the table, and the least settled | 401,203.0 CAD millions | projection | unaudited | Table 34-10-0278-01, Release member 13 ("February 25, 2026"), same coordinate, reference year 2026, in millions of Canadian dollars. One release member carries… |
| Comparison | Movement | Convention |
|---|---|---|
| Reference year 2019: the intentions figure against the figure that settled | +21,715.4 CAD millions | Numeric difference: reference year 2019 as Release member 13 gives it, minus the same reference year as Release member 5 first gave it, in millions of Canadian dollars. One series, one reference year, one issuer, one… |
| Reference year 2020: the largest downward movement in the archive | -26,602.7 CAD millions | Numeric difference: reference year 2020 as Release member 13 gives it, minus the intentions figure Release member 6 published on 27 February 2020, in millions of Canadian dollars. Of the nine reference years whose whole… |
| Reference year 2020: what changed at the one release outside the February cycle | -32,865.4 CAD millions | Numeric difference: reference year 2020 at the August 11, 2020 release minus the same reference year at the February 27, 2020 release, in millions of Canadian dollars. Both readings are of the same reference year in the… |
| Reference year 2023: the largest upward movement in the archive | +32,426.9 CAD millions | Numeric difference: reference year 2023 as Release member 13 gives it, minus the intentions figure Release member 10 published on 28 February 2023, in millions of Canadian dollars. Of the nine reference years whose… |
| Reference year 2024: the intentions figure against its third annual publication | +15,481.3 CAD millions | Numeric difference: reference year 2024 as Release member 13 gives it, minus the intentions figure Release member 11 published on 27 February 2024, in millions of Canadian dollars. This reference year has just reached… |
The evidence behind this chapter: What a first estimate of Canadian investment is worth: the capital expenditures survey's own release archive, 2015… →
Scenarios
Scenario
Capital stock per worker, 2019 to 2024
How much non-residential capital stock stands behind each worker, at the 2019 pre-slowdown boundary against the latest published year?
The pinned non-residential capital stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 132,925.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 127,963.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | -4,962.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | -3.7% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +4.7% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +8.7% |
Assumptions:
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; the stock figure is the issuer's own geometric-depreciation net stock, chained (2017) dollars.
- A single year-end stock level is compared against a calendar-year employment average -- the stock series is annual and carries no finer within-year detail.
Scenario
Capital stock per worker, since the 2014 peak
How does capital stock per worker at the latest published year compare with 2014, the record's highest measured stock-per-worker year?
The same computation as scn-capital-stock-per-worker, over the longer 2014-to-2024 window. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 135,647.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 127,963.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | -7,685.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | -5.7% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +10.3% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +16.9% |
Assumptions:
- Same scope notes as scn-capital-stock-per-worker (total-all-industries stock against total employment; headcount, not hours).
- 2014 is identified as the record's peak year by direct comparison of the computed per-worker level across every published year, not asserted from any external source.
Scenario
Real business investment per worker, 2019 to 2025
How much real business investment lands behind each worker per year, at the 2019 pre-slowdown boundary against the latest complete calendar year?
The pinned calendar-year-average real business gross fixed capital formation divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two years. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 21,845.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 20,265.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | -1,580.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | -7.2% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +2.3% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +10.3% |
Assumptions:
- Business gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates -- a business-sector flow divided by total Canadian employment, a scope note like the stock scenarios carry.
- Calendar-year figures are the average of the year's four published SAAR quarters; the freshest single published quarter (2026 Q2) is not part of either window.
Scenario
Machinery and equipment's share of business investment, 2000 to 2025
What share of real business investment went to machinery and equipment a quarter-century ago, against the latest complete calendar year?
The machinery-and-equipment twelve-month-average level divided by the total-business-GFCF average, in each of two calendar years; the shift is the later share minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Share of the total, earlier window | 22.9% |
| Share of the total, later window | 18.8% |
| Change in the share | -4.09 pp |
| Numerator change | +19,343.8 CAD millions |
| Numerator change, per cent | +31.7% |
| Denominator (total) change | +160,275.8 CAD millions |
| Denominator change, per cent | +60.3% |
Assumptions:
- Both years are calendar-year averages of the same published quarterly SAAR series, chained (2017) dollars.
- The share is a ratio of two real (volume) aggregates; because both are on the same real basis, a share computed from real levels equals a share computed from nominal levels for this pair.
- 2000 is used as the long-run comparison year rather than the record's 1961 start, inside the window where the pipeline's own employment archive provides a full calendar-year average.
Scenario
Investment share of GDP, 2014 (the peak year)
How large was business investment relative to the whole economy in 2014, the record's highest investment-share-of-GDP year?
The pinned calendar-2014 nominal business-GFCF average over the average of the four calendar-2014 quarterly levels of nominal GDP at market prices, from the pipeline's pinned national-accounts series. Computed once, before publication.
| Share of GDP | 20.6% |
| Matched GDP denominator | 1,994,898.0 CAD millions |
Assumptions:
- Both series are current-price (nominal) National Accounts aggregates from Statistics Canada; the GDP quarters are named explicitly and averaged, the standard treatment for an annualized-rate series.
- This is the investment share of GDP, not a value-added share -- GFCF is a gross expenditure aggregate, not value added.
Scenario
Investment share of GDP, 2025 (the latest complete calendar year)
How large is business investment relative to the whole economy in the latest complete calendar year?
The pinned calendar-2025 nominal business-GFCF average over the average of the four calendar-2025 quarterly levels of nominal GDP at market prices, from the pipeline's pinned national-accounts series. Computed once, before publication.
| Share of GDP | 18.6% |
| Matched GDP denominator | 3,245,257.0 CAD millions |
Assumptions:
- Same basis as scn-investment-share-of-gdp-2014; the two scenarios together state the shift from the record's peak share to the latest share.
- This is the investment share of GDP, not a value-added share -- GFCF is a gross expenditure aggregate, not value added.
Scenario
Real business investment per worker, 1991 to 2001
How much real business investment flowed per worker at 1991 and at 2001, and which way did the era move?
The pinned real business investment level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 14,580.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 18,434.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 3,854.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +26.4% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +46.9% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +16.2% |
Assumptions:
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
Scenario
Real business investment per worker, 2001 to 2011
How much real business investment flowed per worker at 2001 and at 2011, and which way did the era move?
The pinned real business investment level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 18,434.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 22,536.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 4,102.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +22.3% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +41.0% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +15.3% |
Assumptions:
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
Scenario
Real business investment per worker, 2011 to 2019
How much real business investment flowed per worker at 2011 and at 2019, and which way did the era move?
The pinned real business investment level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 22,536.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 21,845.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | -691.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | -3.1% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +7.3% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +10.7% |
Assumptions:
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
Scenario
Real business investment per worker, 1976 to 1991 (illustrative, pre-convention)
How much real business investment flowed per worker at 1976 and at 1991, and which way did the era move?
The pinned real business investment level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 13,070.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 14,580.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 1,510.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +11.6% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +47.1% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +31.8% |
Assumptions:
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The 1976 starting point is the earliest year the monthly employment record reaches -- an illustrative pre-convention window, not a further era; no figure earlier than 1976 is computable on this basis.
Scenario
Capital stock per worker, 1991 to 2001
How much non-residential capital stock stood behind each worker at 1991 and at 2001, and which way did the era move?
The pinned non-residential capital stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 105,152.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 108,480.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 3,328.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +3.2% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +19.9% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +16.2% |
Assumptions:
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
Scenario
Capital stock per worker, 2001 to 2011
How much non-residential capital stock stood behind each worker at 2001 and at 2011, and which way did the era move?
The pinned non-residential capital stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 108,480.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 125,884.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 17,404.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +16.0% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +33.8% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +15.3% |
Assumptions:
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
Scenario
Capital stock per worker, 2011 to 2019
How much non-residential capital stock stood behind each worker at 2011 and at 2019, and which way did the era move?
The pinned non-residential capital stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 125,884.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 132,925.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 7,041.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +5.6% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +16.9% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +10.7% |
Assumptions:
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
Scenario
Capital stock per worker, 1976 to 1991 (illustrative, pre-convention)
How much non-residential capital stock stood behind each worker at 1976 and at 1991, and which way did the era move?
The pinned non-residential capital stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two era-boundary years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 89,970.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 105,152.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 15,182.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +16.9% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +54.1% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +31.8% |
Assumptions:
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The 1976 starting point is the earliest year the monthly employment record reaches -- an illustrative pre-convention window, not a further era; no figure earlier than 1976 is computable on this basis.
Scenario
Non-residential buildings net stock per worker, 1991 to 2024
How much non-residential buildings stock stood behind each worker at the start of the aligned era record and at the latest published year?
The pinned non-residential buildings net stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 35,497.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 31,457.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | -4,040.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | -11.4% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +42.9% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +61.2% |
Assumptions:
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
Scenario
Engineering construction net stock per worker, 1991 to 2024
How much engineering construction stock stood behind each worker at the start of the aligned era record and at the latest published year?
The pinned engineering construction net stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 45,185.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 64,091.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 18,906.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +41.8% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +128.7% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +61.2% |
Assumptions:
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
Scenario
Machinery and equipment net stock per worker, 1991 to 2024
How much machinery and equipment stock stood behind each worker at the start of the aligned era record and at the latest published year?
The pinned machinery and equipment net stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 18,516.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 19,502.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 985.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +5.3% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +69.8% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +61.2% |
Assumptions:
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
Scenario
Intellectual property products net stock per worker, 1991 to 2024
How much intellectual property products stock stood behind each worker at the start of the aligned era record and at the latest published year?
The pinned intellectual property products net stock level divided by the pinned average employment level, in each of two years; the change is the later level minus the earlier. Computed once, before publication, from the pinned Resolution values.
| Level, earlier window | 7,323.0 CAD per worker |
| Level, later window | 12,978.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level | 5,656.0 CAD per worker |
| Change in level, per cent | +77.2% |
| Numerator change, per cent | +185.8% |
| Denominator change, per cent | +61.2% |
Assumptions:
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
Directly observed
No section of this Brief currently carries an audited outcome — zero is shown, not hidden.
Estimated, projected, or otherwise not yet an audited outcome
- 1991 Q2 (era boundary)
- 2001 Q2
- 2011 Q2
- 2019 Q4 (era boundary)
- 2026 Q2 (September 2026 reading)
- 2026 Q1 (revised in the September release)
- Business-sector labour productivity, 1991 Q2 to 2001 Q2
- Business-sector labour productivity, 2001 Q2 to 2011 Q2
- Business-sector labour productivity, 2011 Q2 to 2019 Q4
- Business-sector labour productivity, 2019 Q4 to 2026 Q2 (September reading)
- Business-sector labour productivity, 2026 Q1 to Q2, September vintage
- Year-end 2014 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2019 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2024 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries; the latest published year)
- Calendar 2014 (average employment)
- Calendar 2019 (average employment)
- Calendar 2024 (average employment)
- Non-residential capital stock, year-end 2019 to year-end 2024
- Non-residential capital stock, year-end 2014 (the record's peak) to year-end 2024
- Calendar 2019 (real business gross fixed capital formation)
- Calendar 2025 (real business gross fixed capital formation; the latest complete calendar year)
- Calendar 2025 (average employment)
- Real business gross fixed capital formation, calendar 2019 to calendar 2025
- Calendar 1976 (real business gross fixed capital formation)
- Calendar 1991 (real business gross fixed capital formation)
- Calendar 2001 (real business gross fixed capital formation)
- Calendar 2011 (real business gross fixed capital formation)
- Year-end 1976 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 1991 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2001 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2011 (non-residential capital stock, total all industries)
- Calendar 1976 (average employment)
- Calendar 1991 (average employment)
- Calendar 2001 (average employment)
- Calendar 2011 (average employment)
- Calendar 2000 (real business gross fixed capital formation)
- Calendar 2000 (business non-residential structures investment)
- Calendar 2025 (business non-residential structures investment)
- Calendar 2000 (business machinery-and-equipment investment)
- Calendar 2025 (business machinery-and-equipment investment)
- Calendar 2000 (business intellectual-property-products investment)
- Calendar 2025 (business intellectual-property-products investment)
- Year-end 1991 (non-residential buildings net stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2024 (non-residential buildings net stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 1991 (engineering construction net stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2024 (engineering construction net stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 1991 (machinery and equipment net stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2024 (machinery and equipment net stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 1991 (intellectual property products net stock, total all industries)
- Year-end 2024 (intellectual property products net stock, total all industries)
- Average age of the non-residential capital stock, all industries, 2009, at original prices
- Average age of the non-residential capital stock, all industries, 2024, at original prices
- The same age at current prices, 2009
- The same age at current prices, 2024
- Remaining useful service life ratio of the same stock, 2024, at original prices
- The same remaining-life ratio at current prices, 2024
- Average age of mining, quarrying and oil and gas capital, 2014, at current prices
- Average age of mining, quarrying and oil and gas capital, 2024
- Average age of utilities' capital, 2009, at current prices
- Average age of utilities' capital, 2024
- Average age of machinery and equipment, all industries, 2009, at current prices
- Average age of machinery and equipment, all industries, 2024
- Average age of Canada's infrastructure, 1981 -- the first year of the account
- Average age of Canada's infrastructure at its 2004 peak
- Average age of Canada's infrastructure, 2025
- Remaining useful life of Canada's infrastructure at its lowest published point, 2001
- Remaining useful life of Canada's infrastructure, 2025
- Average age of Canada's bridges at their 2000 peak
- Average age of Canada's bridges, 2025
- Average age of Canada's sewage infrastructure, 2025
- Average age of Canada's electric power infrastructure, 2025
- The stock's age at original prices: 2009 against 2024
- The stock's age at current prices: 2009 against 2024
- Mining, quarrying and oil and gas: the decade from the series' low
- Utilities: 2009 against 2024
- Machinery and equipment: 2009 against 2024
- Infrastructure: from the 2004 peak to 2025
- Infrastructure remaining life: from the 2001 low to 2025
- Bridges: from the 2000 peak to 2025
- Calendar 2014 (business gross fixed capital formation, current prices; the record's highest investment-share-of-GDP year)
- Calendar 2025 (business gross fixed capital formation, current prices)
- Nominal business gross fixed capital formation, calendar 2014 (the record's highest GDP-share year) to calendar 2025
- 2019 (official capital-intensity contribution to labour-productivity growth, business sector)
- 2023 (the latest published year -- roughly two and a half years behind the current quarter)
- Official capital-intensity contribution index, business sector, 2019 to 2023
- Reference year 2019 as first published, 28 February 2019 -- an intentions figure for a year not yet spent
- Reference year 2019 as it reads today, unchanged since February 2021
- Reference year 2020 as first published, 27 February 2020
- Reference year 2020 at the August 2020 release, the only publication in the archive outside the February cycle
- Reference year 2020 as it reads today, unchanged since February 2022
- Reference year 2023 as first published, 28 February 2023
- Reference year 2023 as it reads today, unchanged since February 2025
- Reference year 2024 as first published, 27 February 2024
- Reference year 2024 at its third annual publication, February 2026
- Reference year 2025 as first published, 26 February 2025
- Reference year 2026 as first published, 25 February 2026 -- the newest figure in the table, and the least settled
- Reference year 2019: the intentions figure against the figure that settled
- Reference year 2020: the largest downward movement in the archive
- Reference year 2020: what changed at the one release outside the February cycle
- Reference year 2023: the largest upward movement in the archive
- Reference year 2024: the intentions figure against its third annual publication
Unresolved
- Statistics Canada's multifactor-productivity programme (table 36-10-0208-01) is the only official source that decomposes measured labour-productivity growth into a capital-intensity contribution, a labour-composition contribution, and multifactor productivity, on one consistent accounting framework. It is published annually, roughly two and a half years behind the current quarter (2023 is the latest available year as of this Brief's evidence cutoff) — too stale to decompose the 2024-2026 stretch of the productivity slowdown this Brief's stock and flow readings cover.
Key evidence
| Issuer | Publication | Published | Vintage | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistics Canada | Table 34-10-0166-01, Average age measures of non-residential capital stock by industry, by asset -- Canada, original pri | 2025-11-18 | Annual, reference years 2009 through 2024, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 34-10-0166-01 -- Canada, current prices, average age, all industries, total non-residential | 2025-11-18 | Annual, reference years 2009 through 2024, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 34-10-0166-01 -- Canada, original prices, remaining useful service life ratio, all industries, total non-residenti | 2025-11-18 | Annual, reference years 2009 through 2024, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 34-10-0166-01 -- Canada, current prices, remaining useful service life ratio, all industries, total non-residentia | 2025-11-18 | Annual, reference years 2009 through 2024, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 34-10-0166-01 -- Canada, current prices, average age, industry "Mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction& | 2025-11-18 | Annual, reference years 2009 through 2024, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 34-10-0166-01 -- Canada, current prices, average age, industry "Utilities", total non-residential | 2025-11-18 | Annual, reference years 2009 through 2024, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 34-10-0166-01 -- Canada, current prices, average age, all industries, asset "Machinery and equipment" | 2025-11-18 | Annual, reference years 2009 through 2024, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0611-01, Infrastructure Economic Accounts, average age and remaining useful service life ratio by asset -- C | 2026-06-12 | Annual, reference years 1981 through 2025, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0611-01 -- Canada, remaining useful life, total assets, all functions | 2026-06-12 | Annual, reference years 1981 through 2025, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0611-01 -- Canada, average age, asset "Bridges", all functions | 2026-06-12 | Annual, reference years 1981 through 2025, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0611-01 -- Canada, average age, asset "Sewage infrastructure", all functions | 2026-06-12 | Annual, reference years 1981 through 2025, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0611-01 -- Canada, average age, asset "Electric power infrastructure", all functions | 2026-06-12 | Annual, reference years 1981 through 2025, as published at c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0097-01, Flows and stocks of fixed non-residential capital, by sector of industry and type of asset, Canada | 2025-11-01 | Reference years 1961 through 2024, as published at the most | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0108-01, Gross fixed capital formation, quarterly, Canada -- total business gross fixed capital formation, c | 2026-05-29 | Reference quarters 1961 Q1 through 2026 Q1, as published at | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0108-01, Gross fixed capital formation, quarterly, Canada -- business gross fixed capital formation: non-res | 2026-05-29 | Reference quarters 1961 Q1 through 2026 Q1, as published at | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0108-01, Gross fixed capital formation, quarterly, Canada -- business gross fixed capital formation: machine | 2026-05-29 | Reference quarters 1961 Q1 through 2026 Q1, as published at | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0108-01, Gross fixed capital formation, quarterly, Canada -- business gross fixed capital formation: intelle | 2026-05-29 | Reference quarters 1961 Q1 through 2026 Q1, as published at | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0104-01, Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly -- business gross fixed capital format | 2026-05-29 | Reference quarters 1961 Q1 through 2026 Q1, as published at | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 14-10-0287-01, Labour force characteristics, monthly, seasonally adjusted -- employment, both sexes, 15 years and | 2026-07-04 | Reference months 1976-01 through 2026-06, as published at th | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0097-01, Flows and stocks of fixed non-residential capital, by sector of industry and type of asset, Canada | 2025-11-01 | Reference years 1961 through 2024, as published at the most | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0097-01, Flows and stocks of fixed non-residential capital, by sector of industry and type of asset, Canada | 2025-11-01 | Reference years 1961 through 2024, as published at the most | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0097-01, Flows and stocks of fixed non-residential capital, by sector of industry and type of asset, Canada | 2025-11-01 | Reference years 1961 through 2024, as published at the most | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0097-01, Flows and stocks of fixed non-residential capital, by sector of industry and type of asset, Canada | 2025-11-01 | Reference years 1961 through 2024, as published at the most | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0104-01, Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly -- business gross fixed capital format | 2026-08-28 | Through 2026 Q2; August 2026 release | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Historical (real time) releases of capital and repair expenditures, non-residential tangible assets, by industry and geo | 2026-02-25 | Release member 13 of 13, the most recent release the table c | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Historical (real time) releases of capital and repair expenditures, table 34-10-0278-01 -- Release member 12, "Febr | 2025-02-26 | Release member 12 of 13; reference years 2006 through 2025, | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Historical (real time) releases of capital and repair expenditures, table 34-10-0278-01 -- Release member 11, "Febr | 2024-02-27 | Release member 11 of 13; reference years 2006 through 2024, | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Historical (real time) releases of capital and repair expenditures, table 34-10-0278-01 -- Release member 10, "Febr | 2023-02-28 | Release member 10 of 13; reference years 2006 through 2023, | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Historical (real time) releases of capital and repair expenditures, table 34-10-0278-01 -- Release member 6, "Febru | 2020-02-27 | Release member 6 of 13; reference years 2006 through 2020, w | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Historical (real time) releases of capital and repair expenditures, table 34-10-0278-01 -- Release member 7, "Augus | 2020-08-11 | Release member 7 of 13; reference years 2006 through 2020, t | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Historical (real time) releases of capital and repair expenditures, table 34-10-0278-01 -- Release member 5, "Febru | 2019-02-28 | Release member 5 of 13; reference years 2006 through 2019, w | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0206-01, Indexes of business sector labour productivity, unit labour cost and related measures, seasonally a | 2026-05-29 | Reference quarters 1991 Q1 through 2026 Q1, as published at | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0208-01, Multifactor productivity, value-added, capital input and labour input in the aggregate business sec | 2025-05-01 | Reference years 1961 through 2023, as published at the most | Source → |
| Statistics Canada | Table 36-10-0206-01, Indexes of business sector labour productivity, unit labour cost and related measures, seasonally a | 2026-09-03 | 1981 Q1–2026 Q2; September 2026 release | Source → |
Method and limitations
- Figures use hash-verified Statistics Canada archives and named formulas. Annual investment averages four quarterly SAAR values; employment averages twelve months. Stock is a year-end level. Productivity-era rates use annualized log changes. Stock covers all industries; flow and productivity cover business. Real levels use the issuer’s chained-dollar base; shares use current prices. Per-worker ratios use headcounts, not hours. No causal relationship is estimated.
- Two instruments, never merged. The capital-stock survey (table 34-10-0166-01, 2009-2024, industry grain) and the Infrastructure Economic Accounts (table 36-10-0611-01, 1981-2025, a satellite account with its own asset list) measure age in different frames over different windows. No value from one is compared with, differenced against, or substituted for a value from the other anywhere in this entry, and the two records pointing in different directions over their own windows is stated as fact, not resolved as contradiction.
- Two price bases, both published, both pinned. The capital-stock survey publishes every measure at original prices and at current prices, and the two bases give different levels and different movements. This entry pins the all-industries headline on both bases rather than choosing one; industry and asset detail is read at current prices, with the basis stated on every value.
- An average age is a weighted average, and it moves for more than one reason. A stock's average age can rise because its assets aged and can fall because old assets left the stock or new ones entered it; the measure alone does not say which happened, and nothing here claims to know. A falling average age is not evidence of repair, and a rising one is not evidence of neglect.
- The remaining-life measures are ratios on the issuer's own scale, compared only within their own series. The issuer publishes the remaining-useful-service-life measures as ratios; this entry states their published values and their movements and adds no interpretation of the scale, no threshold, and no judgment of what ratio a stock ought to carry.
- The survey window is sixteen years and the account window is forty-five. When this entry says the 2024 business stock is as old as the survey has measured it, the claim reaches back to 2009 and no further; the infrastructure account's 1981-2025 window is the longer record and its turning points are dated within it. Neither window says anything about ages before it begins.
- The all-industries total spans more than business capital. Table 34-10-0166-01's industry list includes the government sector and non-profit institutions, so the all-industries age is not a pure business-sector measure; the industry detail pinned here names its industries exactly. The infrastructure account likewise covers the account's asset classes wherever they are owned; no public-private split is stated anywhere in this entry.
- Nothing in this entry explains the ages it records. Investment cycles, commodity prices, retirements, depreciation assumptions and reclassifications all bear on these measures, and this entry separates none of them. The mining industry's aging and the utilities' rejuvenation are stated as what the survey publishes, and attributed to nothing.
- Every figure is as published at capture on 2026-08-02 and subject to the issuer's ordinary revision. Neither cube publishes a vintage archive of itself, so the pinned values cannot later be compared against what the same tables said on this date unless these bytes are kept -- which is why they are archived with their hashes.
- 'Total all industries' on the stock table (36-10-0097-01) is a total-economy aggregate -- it includes the government sector and non-profit institutions serving households alongside business industries. The flow record (36-10-0108-01) and the per-worker comparisons on this page use business gross fixed capital formation specifically. The two are never mixed inside a single ratio: the stock-per-worker reading and the flow-per-worker reading are stated as two separate scenarios, each internally consistent about its own scope.
- All levels on this page are real (chained (2017) dollars) except where explicitly marked 'current prices' for the investment-share-of-GDP reading, which is conventionally measured in nominal terms (both numerator and denominator inflate together). No figure here mixes the two bases inside one ratio.
- The annual capital-stock record (2024) lags the quarterly flow record (2026 Q1) by roughly two years -- a structural publishing gap in the official record, not a Countability delay; a published evidence gap names the same lag on the multifactor-productivity side.
- Per-worker figures divide a Statistics Canada National Accounts dollar aggregate by Statistics Canada's own Labour Force Survey employment count -- two different survey/accounting frameworks reconciled at the ratio, the same derived-reconciliation convention the Living Standards Brief's per-worker output measure already uses. Employment counts jobs held, not full-time-equivalent hours; no hours adjustment is applied to the per-worker ratios on this page.
- Calendar-year figures from quarterly SAAR (seasonally adjusted at annual rates) series are the average of the year's four published quarters -- the same convention Countability's own nominal and real GDP denominators use, and the same convention the U.S. export-share entry's window sums use for not-annualized monthly data (there, summed; here, averaged, because these series are already annualized rates).
- No figure on this page attributes any per-worker change to a specific cause (commodity prices, interest rates, exchange rates, or policy); it states the levels and their changes, on the issuer's own bases, and nothing more.
- The long-record era boundaries (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019) mirror the four eras the productivity record beside this Brief pins, at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the 1976 starting point is the earliest year the monthly employment record reaches and is stated as illustrative pre-convention context, never as a further era.
- Chained-dollar asset classes are never summed and never stated as shares of one another or of the total: each class is compared only with its own published series, and the total non-residential stock appears from its own published series beside them.
- This survey is not the national accounts. Table 34-10-0278-01 is the release archive of the Annual Capital and Repair Expenditures Survey, which measures capital expenditures on non-residential tangible assets. It is a different instrument from the quarterly national-accounts business investment series the Capital Behind Each Worker Brief reads elsewhere, and the two are never merged, differenced, or substituted here. What this archive supports is a statement about how much a first published estimate of Canadian investment moves -- not a restatement of any national-accounts figure.
- The national-accounts investment series has no release archive at all. Statistics Canada publishes real-time release tables for some programmes and not others; there is none for the quarterly business gross fixed capital formation series, so the revision behaviour recorded here cannot be checked against that series and is not claimed to describe it.
- There is no correction factor here, and none can be derived from this entry. Across the nine reference years whose complete path this archive holds -- 2015 through 2023, each first published as an in-year intentions figure -- five settled above their first estimate and four below, and the mean movement in absolute terms is 5.8 per cent. A first estimate cannot be adjusted toward its settled value by any fixed amount or direction the record supports.
- A reference year settles at its third annual publication, on the evidence of nine years and no counterexample. In all nine completed cases the value carried at the February release two years after the reference year is the value the year still carries at February 2026. Reference year 2024 reached that publication in February 2026 and reference year 2025 has not; both are recorded as positions, not as outcomes.
- Eight reference years in the table never move because their whole path predates the archive. Release member 5 (February 28, 2019) backfills reference years 2006 through 2013, and every later release carries them identically. Their stability is a property of when the archive opens, not evidence that early estimates of those years were close to their settled values.
- Every figure here is unaudited, and the cube's own quality footnote applies. The table publishes letter-graded quality indicators from A (Excellent) to F (Too unreliable to be published) and records that a greater number of data points have been suppressed for confidentiality from reference year 2013; the national all-industries coordinate this entry reads is populated at every reference year in the archive, and no suppressed cell is filled in or worked around.
- The four productivity eras are bounded at the record's own visible turning points (a decade after the record begins; two further decade marks; the pre-pandemic peak quarter), not at arbitrary round years -- 2019 Q4 is used, not 2020, because it is the last quarter before pandemic-era distortion enters the seasonally-adjusted series.
- Average annual log growth (the standard convention for comparing multi-period index growth across windows of different lengths) is stated in each comparison's note; the recorded difference and percentage-difference figures carry the total, non-annualized change over each full window.
- The capital-intensity-contribution index (36-10-0208-01) is Statistics Canada's own official decomposition of measured labour-productivity growth into its sources; it is published annually and currently lags the current quarter by roughly two and a half years -- named in a published evidence gap -- the boundary this Resolution's context reading hits. No figure on this page infers what the 2024-2026 contribution would show.
- Business-sector labour productivity (output per hour) and the capital-intensity-contribution index are both index series, not levels; neither is divided by employment on this page (the per-worker division happens on the capital-record entry's stock and flow levels, a different quantity on a different basis).
- No figure on this page attributes the productivity slowdown to any specific cause; it states the measured record, era by era, on the issuer's own basis.
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; the stock figure is the issuer's own geometric-depreciation net stock, chained (2017) dollars.
- A single year-end stock level is compared against a calendar-year employment average -- the stock series is annual and carries no finer within-year detail.
- Same scope notes as scn-capital-stock-per-worker (total-all-industries stock against total employment; headcount, not hours).
- 2014 is identified as the record's peak year by direct comparison of the computed per-worker level across every published year, not asserted from any external source.
- Business gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates -- a business-sector flow divided by total Canadian employment, a scope note like the stock scenarios carry.
- Calendar-year figures are the average of the year's four published SAAR quarters; the freshest single published quarter (2026 Q2) is not part of either window.
- Both years are calendar-year averages of the same published quarterly SAAR series, chained (2017) dollars.
- The share is a ratio of two real (volume) aggregates; because both are on the same real basis, a share computed from real levels equals a share computed from nominal levels for this pair.
- 2000 is used as the long-run comparison year rather than the record's 1961 start, inside the window where the pipeline's own employment archive provides a full calendar-year average.
- Both series are current-price (nominal) National Accounts aggregates from Statistics Canada; the GDP quarters are named explicitly and averaged, the standard treatment for an annualized-rate series.
- This is the investment share of GDP, not a value-added share -- GFCF is a gross expenditure aggregate, not value added.
- Same basis as scn-investment-share-of-gdp-2014; the two scenarios together state the shift from the record's peak share to the latest share.
- This is the investment share of GDP, not a value-added share -- GFCF is a gross expenditure aggregate, not value added.
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
- Investment is business-sector gross fixed capital formation, chained (2017) dollars, while employment is total Canadian employment -- the same business-flow-over-total-headcount scope note the Brief's recent flow window states.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The 1976 starting point is the earliest year the monthly employment record reaches -- an illustrative pre-convention window, not a further era; no figure earlier than 1976 is computable on this basis.
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- Era boundaries mirror the productivity record beside this Brief (1991, 2001, 2011, 2019), at calendar-year grain because the capital record is annual; the era closing at 2019 uses the last pre-pandemic year, and the window since 2019 is carried by the Brief's existing recent rows, not re-computed here.
- The stock figure is 'total all industries' (a total-economy aggregate including government and non-profit institutions), while employment is total Canadian employment -- a scope note, not a business-sector-to-business-sector ratio.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The 1976 starting point is the earliest year the monthly employment record reaches -- an illustrative pre-convention window, not a further era; no figure earlier than 1976 is computable on this basis.
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
- Each asset class is its own chained-dollar series at the same total-all-industries coordinate family; chained dollars are not additive across classes, so no class is stated as a share of the total, and the total appears beside the classes from its own published series.
- Employment is a headcount (jobs held), not adjusted for hours worked; each year is a calendar average (four quarterly SAAR values for investment; twelve monthly values for employment), and stock years are the issuer's own year-end levels.
- The classification's own class names are used; machinery and equipment and intellectual property products are distinct classes in the issuer's classification, not interchangeable 'technology' categories.
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